Music informatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Music informatics - Essay Example Some of the most notable examples of music informatics include iPods, digital audio editors, music information retrieval systems, online music search engines and improvisation of musical performances among others. The essence of music informatics is not only to enable better production and consumption of music, but also to promote crucial comprehension of the nature of music, as well as its related behaviors (Miranda 45). Study of music informatics provides in-depth knowledge of current trends with regard to music. These trends include both the latest software and hardware music technologies. This essay will review two crucial music informatics, namely, mp3 and SoundHound’s Sound2Sound, addressing fundamental aspects of the informatics technologies applied. These aspects include the use of computer science in both technologies, as well as giving a concise background of both music informatics. Music informatics has become a significant area in production and consumption of musi c. Firstly, the mp3 technology, otherwise referred to as MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, is the music informatics technology that entails using digital technology to encode music files in audio format. Mp3 is a patent registered under a team of five engineers who discovered the technology. These engineers, namely, Bernhard Grill, Karl-Heinz Brandenburg, Thomas Sporer, Bernd Kurten and Ernst Eberlein initially designed the MPEG-1 standard before extending it to the MPEG-2 standard. MPEG-1 audio layers I, II and III, which made up the MPEG-1 standard, were accepted as drafts by the ISO/IEC in 1991 and concluded in 1992. Publishing of the final draft took place in 1993, thereby earning the aforementioned engineers full patent rights under ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993[5]. Later in 1995, the engineers created and received patent ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995 for backwards compatible MPEG-2, part 3, which incorporated more bit rates than the earlier certified MPEG-1. The mp3 uses a lossy compression alg orithm, which lowers the quantity of data needed to represent an audio recording, but still sounds like the actual duplication of the original uncompressed audio file (Brandenburg and Bosi 15). Most listeners are unable to pinpoint any difference between the original audio music file and the reproduced mp3 file. The technology employed in creating mp3 uses computer science to compress audio files within a CD. For instance, in a scenario where knowledge of music informatics creates an mp3 file using 128kbit/s the resulting mp3 would only be the size of one eleventh of the original CD source. In addition, computer science or music informatics can be used to reproduce audio files into digital files of either a higher or lower quality. This is typically done by constructing the mp3 file at either higher or lower bit rates respectively. The compression technology applied in the creation of mp3 files reduces the accuracy of particular parts of sound, which is beyond most people’s a uditory resolution capacity. This system of removing rather unimportant parts of a music file is called perceptual coding. The music informatics technology employed in perceptual coding entails the use of psychoacoustic methods to reduce the accuracy of music components that have lower audibility in human beings. The same models can be used to get rid of music components entirely. Once a reduction of components is done or components discarded, a recording of the remaining information is done in an efficient manner that uses the least amount of space (Miranda 87). When conduction lossy audio encoding is used to create an mp3 file, a trade-off often emerges with regard to the space used and sound quality of the reproduced music file. The music

Importance of reserch and development to an innovative company Assignment

Importance of reserch and development to an innovative company - Assignment Example With reference to the context, it can be observed that Exxon Mobil Corporation from the United States has comprehensively introduced R&D management into its business process. With due consideration to the aspect, the paper intends to discuss about the ways in which Exxon Mobil makes use of R&D in its business operational process to obtain an edge over its market competitors. Exxon Mobil is one of the leading multinational and publicly traded oil and gas companies of the world having its headquarters in Irving, Texas, United States. It was created in the year 1999 after the merger between Exxon and Mobil and is recognized as a decedent company of Standard Oil founded by John D. Rockefeller. In serving the local communities with oil and gas along with other petrochemicals, Exxon Mobil has been able to expand its business operations on a global basis. Consequently, it has been able to achieve certain milestones which can be identified as the business segments of Exxon Mobil has expanded overseas within a very short span of time. Furthermore, in expanding business to overseas, Exxon Mobil has been capable to possess 31 refineries of oil. With the help of the final products produced in these refineries, Exxon Mobil is serving 21 countries with their products. Contextually, with the help of the sustainable performances in the recent years, Exxon Mobil has ach ieved the status of being the number one corporation in the USA according to Forbes Global 2000 list of the year 2012 by increasing its organizational revenues and profits (Forbes, 2012). Moreover, for surviving in the competitive marketplace, Exxon uses innovative and modern technologies in order to develop an aggressive and advanced operational process for serving the customers. In accordance with the aspect, it is observed that Exxon Mobil has introduced R&D management into its operational process (Exxon Mobil, 2012). R&D management can be defined as the management

Building the 787 Essay Example for Free

Building the 787 Essay Boeing is an Aerospace science company and is the worlds most leading aerospace science company and is the largest manufacturer and producer of commercial and military aircrafts. Boeing creates and produces rotorcraft, electronic and defense systems, missiles, satellites, launch vehicles and advanced information and communication systems. A little known fact about Boeing is that they are a major services supply to NASA and Boeing helps to operate the International Space station. Boeings main corporate office is located in Chicago, Illinois and employs over 158,000 individuals throughout countries all over the world. Boeing also outsources some its manufacturing business to national and foreign countries. The main assembly hub is located in Washington at a place called Everett plant. Unlike other traditionally built jetliners, the 787 is about 20 percent lighter which saves fuel and lowers overall cost of travel because the jet is made of nearly 80 percent composite material. Along with the new lighter sleeker look, the 787 was redesign with better headroom, larger windows and electronics in the passenger cabinets as well as the flight deck. While this new undertaking seems to be business as usual, Boeing was actually changing the way it now built aircraft. Bousch (2010, December) said it best when he stated, with the 787, Boeing set out to do something revolutionary by tapping suppliers not only for materials, parts, and components, but also innovation. And in doing so, it set out not only to bring a new platform to market as quickly as possible, but also, ironically, to reduce business risk by reducing its dependence on its own operations. The newly developed 787 was to be first aircraft from Boeing manufactured almost exclusively through outsourcing. Almost 70 percent of the plane’s parts were built in other countries. According to Hill (2011), this was Boeing’s gamble that outsourcing would contribute to the huge costs of production while utilizing the expertise of worlds most efficient producers thereby driving down the costs of making the plane (p. 564). Additionally, Boeing thought that outsourcing the planes components would help reduce planes normal develop time of six years to four while building brand awareness and sales in the countries where manufacturing was performed. Boeings’ Risks associated with Outsourcing While Boeing had plenty of cost-cutting reasons for outsourcing nearly 70 percent of the 787 aircrafts manufacturing to 17 contractors in some 10 countries, I’m not sure the risk associated with such a huge amount of outsourcing was truly evaluated by Boeings management. This change in philosophy was evident by the fact that in the company’s past production of Boeing models 777, 767 and 707 some of its components were outsourced to companies around the globe, but not in any of those models was more than 50 percent sent to outside manufacturers. Nevertheless, the initial response to the 787 was tremendous. Mike Blair, Vice- President and General Manager of the 787 program declared, as July 31, 2007, 47 customers worldwide have ordered more than 683 airplanes worth more than $110 billion dollars at current list prices, making the 787 Dreamliner the most successful commercial airplane launch in history. And there’s more to come! (Aeromagazine (2007), p. 4). Those po sitive sentiments from Boeing didn’t last very long. Boeings’ efforts to be leaner and â€Å"cut out the fat† cause them to rely to heavily on key components to be delivered by outsourced contractors and suppliers. By December 2007, Boeing was starting to question its move to global outsourcing. Boeing’s most fierce competitor Airbus had already suffered from problems with delays due to outsourcing when it produced the Airbus A380 Super-Jumbo. With the company now experiencing breakdowns within the supply chain, final preparation and assembly was ultimately impossible. Boeing realized that it was more difficult than expected to navigate so many different suppliers and get required components to its assembly plant within a specified time to complete assembly. Scott Carson, Boeings executive vice president of commercial airplanes, put it succinctly: â€Å"It has simply proved to be more difficult than we anticipated to complete the structural work on the airplane out of sequence in our Everett, Washington factoryâ⠂¬  (Teresko, 2007, p. 1). As delays mounted, Boeing had to finally admit that the weak link in the production of the Dreamliner 787 was its global outsourcing. There were issues from the start that the public never knew about. Boeing overestimated there ability to have proper oversight over contractors. Some suppliers, outsource there work to other suppliers and some had difficulty getting approval and licensing to manufacture there products. The risk that Boeing took was one that could have backfired based on the fact that delays are continuing and in the end, this outsourcing relationship of manufacturers and supply chain management could whine up costing the company more than money. Is Boeing giving up its competitive advantage by outsourcing its core components to suppliers across the world? One would question whether this choice to outsource so much of its design and components and technology to the Japanese will eventually even the playing field. Newhouse (2007) claims that â€Å"Boeing developed much of the materials, manufacturing processes, tooling, tolerances and allowances, and other design features, which are then transferred to suppliers in Japan, Italy and elsewhere. Over time, institutional learning and forgetting will put the suppliers in control of the critical body of knowledge, and Boeing will steadily lose touch with key technical expertise† (p. 4). Newhouse goes on to say that Japanese suppliers are acquiring so-called core competences, hence giving up its competitive edge by outsourcing major parts of the Boeing 787 (p.4). Whatever the opinion, only time will tell if this systematic change of having suppliers and there governments absorb the financial risk will undoubtedly by the rise or fall of Boeing as the world foremost leader in commercial aircraft. Managing the Globally Dispersed Supply Chain By mid 2008 the Boeing 787 had out sold the Airbus A380 by almost 400 orders. The Boeing flagship aircraft was order by more than 50 airlines with orders totaling 857 worth more than 144 billion dollars. These orders, originally schedule to be delivered for May 2008 were now being pushed back to the end of the year due to what Boeing called delays in dealing with its global supply chain which have affectively crippled there assembly lines. It appears that Boeings undertaking was more than just attempting to change the assembly and supply chain processes but it attempt at changing the materials in which aircraft are made seemed daunting enough. The delays appear to be due in part because the supply chain had so many suppliers and contractors trying to protect their own financial investment that all parties eventually suffered from continued delays and wound up risking profits. The continued changing and late delivery dates inevitably cost Boeing and its suppliers billions of dollars. After almost three years the Boeing 787 is still missing its self imposed deadlines for deliveries. According to Cohan (2010), Boeing has missed deadline after deadline with the 787 program – six times over the last two-and-a-half years-and it now looks poised to do so for a seventh time (p.1). Scott Hancher, the Boeing 787 programs third director, seems incline to blame the delays on instrument changes and suppliers inability to properly install parts for the tail-wing. Regardless of his accusations, the 787 still needs to be tested by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) before there is any certification. Not all of blame is on the contractors and suppliers. Boeing knew that they were embarking on unprecedented ways to produce commercial aircraft and there engineers should have developed software that could predict how the aircrafts composite materials would hold up under the normal stresses of air travel. This inability to predict the safety of the plane caused problems with cracks in the plane and delays imposed by the FAA until they issues were resolved and the aircraft deemed safe for passenger travel. Boeing now appears to making the anticipated changes by taking on more work and responsibility to the supply chain in order to effectively manufacture and produce the 787 aircraft to the specifications of the FAA. In 2009 Boeing brought its Dreamliner operations from two of its suppliers that were said to have had the most problems along the supply chain. This change has stepped up production of parts because other suppliers have realized the financial drawbacks and possible lost of contracts. This has prompted quicker responses and resolutions that have fixed the flaws in the manufactured products. Boeing in there attempt to be innovative and to create a new market forgot that there largest competitor Airbus was continuing to grow its market and create opportunities from Boeings mishaps. We can only hope that Boeing follows Airbus as the second major aircraft developer to increase restrictions on contractors and require that they only outsource a small portion of work to Asian countries in an attempt to develop partnerships for production and possibly development. McInnes (2008) was correct when he asserted that with a consortium of EADS (owners of Airbus) and Northrop Grumman winning a 40 billion dollar order from the United States government to build 179 refueling aircraft for the US Air Force, Boeing could do good with just getting the 787 certified and get on with deliveries as soon as possible (p.4). Is Boeing’s Outsourcing essentially sending American Jobs Overseas? The question about outsourcing has many Americans worried that jobs are being shipped overseas where labor is cheaper. Boeing the world’s largest commercial aircraft producer has made outsourcing its primary means for development of its groundbreaking commercial aircraft, the Boeing 787 Dream-liner. In an unprecedented move, Boeing decided to outsource nearly 70 percent of the development and component manufacturing to suppliers and contractors around the world. With its primary assembly plant in Seattle, Washington area, Boeing and its employees are worried that this trend will continue and cost many of them their jobs. In a recent Seattle-Post Intelligencer poll, 80 percent of the pollsters thought that outsourcing overseas will hurt the economy in the long-term. Americans have reason to worry, it’s not none how many jobs have been lost overseas thus far but its believed that over 2 million service jobs will be lost in the next decade or so. According to Cook and Nyhan (2004), Perhaps no player in the local economy has sent more jobs overseas than Boeing.Skip navigation The company makes no excuses for sending work to South Africa, Italy, China, Russia and other far-flung parts on the globe and the company argues it has no choice. It must build planes with fewer and more productive workers to remain competitive (p.2). In an effort to cut cost and look for the best manufacturers and engineers at there craft Boeing feels there move to outsourcing was inevitable because it is the future of airplane development. This effort to compete has forced the hand on over 40,000 employees that have lost there jobs at Boeing since 2001 and have benefited countries like China and Russia where we seen as many as 5,000 new jobs created for engineers and those with aerospace technologies and manufacturing skills. Though opinion will continue to be varying when it comes to outsourcing, Boeings’ says the company is committed to a stab le workforce. He believes the red-hot success of the Dream-liner 235 firm orders so far goes a long way to validating the new outsourcing strategy. Without the ability to reduce the planes overall development costs and be able to sell at prices comparable to older jetliners, success would be far less assured (Holmes, 2006, p. 4). The approach by Boeing has caused much concern but for now has been profitable with the huge orders for the 787 Dream-liner. The true test will be when be when supply chain again fails to be dispersed efficiently and the cost increase with the manufacturing of an aircraft. Will this cause the destabilization of the American workforce? Will it decrease Boeings new dependency on using outsourced foreign technologies and manufacturing? These questions will not be answered until there is another downturn in which large companies again turn to outsourcing in an effort to reduce production cost to stay competitive. Reference Blair, M. (2007, August). Building the dream: Boeing 787.retrieved from: http//boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine.com Cohan, P. (2010, July). Boeing 787 delays: will the seventh missed deadline be the last? Daily Finance. Retrieved from: http://www.dailyfinance.com/story/company- news/boeing-787-delays Cook, J. and Nyhan, P. (2004, March). Outsourcings long-term effects on U.S. jobs at issue. Seattle PI Business. Hill, C. (2010). International Business, 8th Edition. Irwin/McGraw-Hill/MBS. Holmes, S. (2012). Boeings Global Strategy. Bloomberg Business. Retrieved from:http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_05/ Newhouse, J. (2007, March).Boeing Versus Airbus: Flight Risk, Outsourcing Challenges. Retrieved from:http://www.cio.com/article/29096/Boeing_Versus_ Airbus_Flight_Risk_Outsourcing_Challenges_?page=3 Teresko, J. (2007, December). Boeing787: a matter of materials – special report: anatomy of a supply chain. Retrieved from: http://www.industryweek.com/articleid-15339showall=1 Boeing. (2010). History. Retrieved on August 24, 2012 from http://www.boeing.com/history/narrative/n001intro.html

How did Television Sitcoms Change Gender Roles?

How did Television Sitcoms Change Gender Roles? How did television sitcoms change gender roles from late 50s to 60s? Television started to become a popular piece of entertainment for the family in the 50s. Television was one of the most important entertainment forms of device that entertained the family at home rather than going out[1]. As television got popular over the years, more and more people started to buy them for their house. Television took the place for piano, radio and phonograph[2]. Television was placed in the center of the family, where they would spend family time watching news to sitcoms. Television was the great family entertainer that brought mom, dad, and the kids together; while portraying different gender roles and social functions in a society[3]. Sitcoms in 1950s portrayed of having a perfect family, husband was the bread winner and the women was the house wife. Women were often showed in sitcoms as the family care of the family and also not expected to have a job. Sitcoms played a major role in the American society and played a biggest influence role on women throughout the years .1960s was the era where the perfect family construct was changed, where both men and women were shown of having jobs in sitcoms, which was different from 1950s. There was a big shift in the sitcoms, once it was shown to have a perfect family of one male worker in the family to showing both gender having a job. Television and sitcoms played a huge role into shaping up the future of the society. The American suburb was growing postwar era, a nuclear family was a basic social construct [4]. Sitcoms such as father knows best and leave it to beaver showed a perfect nuclear family construct. A womens job was to stay at home, take care of the family, cook, and make husband happy. In an episode from I love Lucy; Lucy was portrayed to follow her husbands commands. Where the man is the master, and the woman does what shes told (equal rights).ÂÂ   Usually women had to be obedient to their husbands, respect their opinion and always agree with their opinion.ÂÂ   Most of the sitcoms would show women at home taking care of the house instead of pursuing a career. A womans place is in home (leave it to beaver, Beavers house guest).ÂÂ   Sitcoms such as father knows best, Jane the mother, was always at home taking care of the children, cleaning, and making food; While the man had a different role A husband was the bread winner of the family[5]. In an episode from Father knows best, a young engineer had the ideal family vision of a hardworking man that worked hard all day that would come home to pretty wife. So when the day is over he can come home to some nice pretty wife (Betty, Girl Engineer).ÂÂ   There are many things that sitcoms portrayed about a suburban culture from Father knows best, I love Lucy, and Leave it to beaver that showed predominantly common gender role, where the husband was the bread winner and women was the home wife. Sitcom such as father knows the best played a perfect nuclear family that Americans dreamed of having. Jim played the role of the husband. He came home after work every day expecting dinner and the house to be clean. Since the men were the money provider for the family, they realized that supporting the family was hard at times. For example: in an episode Jim told the family Time has come for us to tighten our bills (The Mink Coat). This shows that Jim was the only money provider for the whole family, while the rest of the family did not know how to control their expenses. It got harder for Jim to balance the checks, since he was the only money provider for the house. In a way, Jim as a husband and father has to make his family happy but since he is the only worker of the family, sitcoms showed that man would work hard all day and come home to nice family, which was a stress reliever. While women on sitcoms had a different thinking that earning money was same as working in the home. Lucys character was mainly showed as naÃÆ'Â ¯ve, dumb, and careless with money. For example, in I love Lucy whats so tough about earning a living (Job Switching). Lucy thought that earning money was not hard, and it could be done by women as well. Sitcoms often showed that women were not mature when it came to money decision and work, while on the other had men were shown to be the mature responsible earner of the family. Sitcoms often showed women only doing the house work. They were not shown intelligent and were not encouraged to pursue any career.ÂÂ   For example: In an episode from fathers knows best in which betty signed up as wanting to be an engineer, one of bettys guy friend said but youre a girl (Betty, Girl Engineer) referring it to how men thought girls were not capable to do jobs like men. Even mothers would train their daughters to do house work and be a good wife. Youre joking (Betty, an engineer) Jane, mother of Betty took it as a joke that Betty was going to be an engineer. Sitcoms often showed that women were not expected to do big things in life such as work and earn a living. In an episode from I love Lucy, Ricky said Anybody can cook and do house work (Job Switching). Ricky the husband works in the kitchen and Lucy works in a chocolate factory. It showed in the episode how it was miserable for both the man and women to struggle for job switching. It referenced that women were better in the kitchen and man were better at earning a living. Sitcoms also showed that women were shown non intelligent even if they were working in a chocolate factory. In 1960s, there was a change in sitcoms, where women were not always shown working in the kitchen but they held some type of job on the side. Shows such as That Girl played an important role in the 1960s showing women were more than capable to work and handle house work. Ann was portrayed as a strong woman who is focused on her career. You got the job (Help Wanted) it was when Ann got a job as a secretary job. It was an important scene because it showed the viewers that women should advance in their careers instead of being a full time house wife.ÂÂ   Ann was a main character in the show, where she was portrayed as a hard working woman. Shows like That Girl, made women realize that they can be more independent. Sitcom such as That Girl tried to show that women should pursue their career instead of being rushed to their marriage and raising a family. Finally, Television played an important role in social life and gender life. Television transitioned the whole idea of gender roles. 1950s was a period of time where nuclear family was known as the dream family. In 1950s, men were the bread winner of the family and the women were the home taker of the house. The idea of nuclear family started to transition as time progressed. 1960s had a revolutionary change in sitcoms, women were shown having a job and taking care of the family, but before it was different where they were not shown to be working. Father knows best, I love Lucy, and Leave it to beaver showed how a typical family construct and showed the gender responsibility. Shows like that girl started to change the idea of a dream family and men and women were shown to be equal. Bibliography Primary sources: Father Knows the best. Betty, Girl Engineer April 11, 1956. Television Father Knows the best. The Mink Coat. April 11, 1956. Television Leave it to beaver, Beavers house guest. October 8, 1960. Television I love Lucy, job switching. September 15, 1952. Television I love Lucy, Equal Rights. October 26,1953. Television That girl, help wanted. October 20, 1966. Television Second Sources: Bogart, Leo. The Age of Television. 3rd ed., New York: Ungar, 1972. Spigel, Lynn. Make Room for TV: Television and the Family Ideal in Postwar America. Chicago: U of Chicago, 1992. Print. [1] Bogart, Leo. The Age of Television. 3rd ed., New York: Ungar, 1972. [2] Spigel, Lynn. Make Room for TV: Television and the Family Ideal in Postwar America. Chicago: U of Chicago, 1992. Print. [3] Spigel, Lynn. Make Room for TV: Television and the Family Ideal in Postwar America. Chicago: U of Chicago, 1992. Print. [4] Spigel, Lynn. Make Room for TV: Television and the Family Ideal in Postwar America. Chicago: U of Chicago, 1992. Print. [5] Spigel, Lynn. Make Room for TV: Television and the Family Ideal in Postwar America. Chicago: U of Chicago, 1992. Print.

Romeo and Juliet - Movie vs. Book :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

Romeo and Juliet - Movie vs. Book Often times people say that William Shakespeare was and still is a legend. They are correct. It is amazing how Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet written centuries ago can be better than Franco Zefferelli's movie production of Romeo and Juliet, which had much better technology to work with only decades ago. Although the movie appeared better, it left out some major parts. The play had better mood and plot details which made it much more dramatic and by far a better presentation. One major difference between the play and the movie occurs in mood. An example of this is the marriage scene. In the marriage scene of the play, Romeo and Juliet act very serious. The reader can tell this by the way the two speak. Romeo says that the Holy Words the Friar speaks can make something without an equal (Act II, Scene 6, Line 4) which is a very intelligent thing to say. Whereas, in the movie they kiss and giggle the entire time. This leads the viewer to believe that Franco Zefferelli wanted the two to look like fools, that they could not do anything the way it is normally done because they are children in search of quick love. This is bad because it is not very realistic. In real-life, young adults would take the matter seriously because they know it is a major step in life. Because the play is not entirely trying to make the two look bad, it is the better production. Another major difference in the mood of the play and the movie is in the funeral scene. The funeral scene of the play is a very serious event. Juliet's family is very upset and think that they are the cause of her "death". Also, the Friar soothes the family of the loss of young Juliet's life (Act IV, Scene 5, Line 65). However, in the movie version of the funeral scene, again everyone is sad but this time the Friar lets out a giggle as he pretends to pray for Juliet. This is a major difference because if someone had seen the Friar giggle, it may have changed the entire play. They may have questioned him why he giggled but since

Criticism of Goldsmith’s, She Stoops to Conquer Essay -- She Stoops Co

Criticism of Goldsmith’s, She Stoops to Conquer In reading T.G.A. Nelson's critical essay "Stooping to Conquer in Goldsmith, Haywood and Wycherley" I have to say I that I was pretty scared. Drawing Freud to anything can really be scary according to almost anyone though, certainly in early criticism of "She Stoops to Conquer." As Bernard Harris says, "we should not discount unconscious forces in any comedy", but then he immediately drops the subject saying that "Goldsmith's main interest lies elsewhere."(325) The main focus of Nelson's essay seemed to be on the difficulty that certain men seemed to find "in achieving a satisfactory sexual relationship with a woman resembling the mother. "(319) This essay will look at what Nelson has to say about this Freudian ideology and bring to light my comments on the subject. Nelson begins by looking into some of Freud's essays and applying them to the characteristics describing the "Restoration rake. "(320) One example is how there is compulsive repetition in his relationships. Passionate attachments are formed again and again creating a long line of lovers. The preference for married women is also there, where another man claim the right of possession of her and yet the rake prefers her to one who is "disengaged. " Taking Goldsmith's play, Nelson uses it as the clearest example of Freud's theory. In his play, the character Marlow is very forthright in his dealings with those in a lower station, but with women of quality he becomes shy. Evidently, women of low social standing fail to qualify as 'modest women' for him and this fits closely into "Freud's description of the sufferer of selective impotence. "(322) Reading further it's found that the reason Marlow is so shy with those of hi... ... such an approach to a comedy traditionally, if tacitly, regarded as bland, inoffensive, and largely devoid of sexual content."(326) I applaud Nelson for the work and research he put into his essay; and I'm not saying that just because a play is a comedy, it can't have underlying feelings of repression or other factors involved in its creation. It's just on general principal then, having read Goldsmith's play and enjoyed it for itself while noting possibilities for his commenting on social/class order or the differences between city and country life, that I set aside Nelson's criticism of the play and leave it as it stands, untouched by Freudian ideology. Works Cited Goldsrnith, Oliver. She Stoops to Conquer. Dover Publications, NY: 1991 Nelson, T.G.A. "Stooping to Conquer in Goldsmith. Haywood. and Wycherley." Essays in Criticism. Oxford University Press.

Act 3 Scene 4 The Banquet Scene The banquet Essay

The banquet, Macbeth is preparing, highly important to him. It is a chance to show the thanes he is strong and in control, he is very capable of being king. Macbeth needs the banquet to be a success, to show off to the thanes, but when it goes horribly wrong, Macbeth fears that his reputation has. In this scene, Macbeth’s reactions and behaviour are very varied. At first, when the thanes arrive, he is the merry host and welcomes everybody with open arms. However, when they sit to eat, his role changes from host to murderer and then as a victim to Banquo’s ghost. His behaviour diverges as he moves from his host role to his cold-hearted murderer role and finally to his chaotic, mad victim role, when he sees Banquo’s ghost. Macbeth’s changes in behaviour creates tension, especially during the time where Banquo’s ghost arrives, as you wonder, if he’ll let slip any of the murders. Macbeth’s behaviour obviously differs, as at one point he is a calm-well-mannered host, â€Å"Our self will mingle with society and play the humble Host†, then he transformed into an evil bloody-thirsty villain, â€Å"Yet he’s good that did the like for Fleance; If thou didst it, thou art the nonpareil†, and afterwards to a person, clearly unwell, as he has the hallucination of Banquo’s ghost, which concerns the guests, â€Å"Thou canst not say I did it; never shake Thy gory locks at me!† Lady Macbeth tries to protect Macbeth and take control of the party, by diverting attention away and covering his actions with lies, â€Å"The fit is momentary; upon a thought He will again be well.† She changes the subject to try and stop him from thinking about the ghost, and also stop the thanes from thinking that Macbeth is guilty of something, as Lady Macbeth is afraid that Macbeth will let something out about the murder, â€Å"Think of this, good peers, But as a thing of custom. ‘Tis no other, Only it spoils the pleasure of the time.† Lady Macbeth takes control by leading the party and becoming the hostess finally ending the party and telling the thanes to leave when she realises Macbeth is in danger of loosing control, â€Å"Stand not upon the order of your going, But go at once† By the end of the scene, we realise that Macbeth, really is strong and determined and how he is going to make this work, â€Å"I am in blood Steeped in so far that should I wade no more† It is clear that Macbeth is in control at this point. He intends to see the witches again for some security, that he will stay king, â€Å"-to the weird sisters. More shall they speak.† The power of control has gone back to Macbeth. When Macbeth says, â€Å"†¦stepped in so far†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , he is saying how he has already committing two murders, why stop now. If anyone should get in his way, he won’t be afraid to kill them. On stage, I would show Macbeth and the thanes on a long table, and behind Macbeth would be a pillar. This would be so that the murderer is unseen and Macbeth doesn’t look too suspicious. The murder would be obviously visible to the audience, but not so to the thanes. When Macbeth speaks to the thanes, there will be full lighting, but when the murderer speaks to Macbeth, the thanes freeze and the lights dim on them and a spotlight focuses on Macbeth. Once they have finished their dialogue, the thanes start celebrating and acquainting again and the lighting comes back up. To present the ghost of Banquo, on stage, the first thing I would do is make-up. It would be pale, to create that he is dead. When Banquo’s ghost is on stage, the normal lights would be on, but an extra spotlight would make the make-up shine and give that ‘not human’ effect. His clothing would be what he died in, but more new, clean and tidy